KPVAlso known as: Lys-Pro-Val, KPV tripeptide

Mechanism of Action

KPV is a synthetic tripeptide consisting of lysine, proline, and valine. It modulates immune and inflammatory pathways by interacting with cellular signaling routes related to cytokine production and immune cell function. KPV inhibits NF-κB signaling, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and promotes mucosal healing and immune modulation, particularly relevant in gastrointestinal and mucosal tissues.

Reported Research Benefits

KPV is commonly investigated in preclinical research models focusing on immune modulation, inflammation reduction, and mucosal repair, especially within gastrointestinal disease models such as colitis. It is also studied for its ability to regulate cell communication and signal transduction in immune-related experimental settings.

Dosing Protocol & Reconstitution

In research, KPV dosing varies widely depending on study design; commonly used doses in vitro range from micromolar concentrations, while in vivo studies use doses adjusted for animal weight. This vendor offers oral tablet formulations of 500 mcg per tablet, intended for controlled oral administration in research. No standardized human dosing exists since it is strictly for experimental use.

Research Notes

Experimental data support KPV's anti-inflammatory efficacy and immune regulatory properties. It has a relatively short half-life typical of small peptides but can be stabilized in formulations. Research indicates benefits in mucosal healing and immune modulation without evident toxicity in preclinical models.

Research Summary

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits NF-κB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Oral and subcutaneous studies in IBD models show significant reduction in intestinal inflammation and mucosal healing.

Side Effects & Safety

Excellent preclinical safety profile with no reported toxicity. Human clinical trial data is limited. As an endogenous-derived peptide, systemic effects beyond local anti-inflammation are minimal. Theoretical immunomodulatory effects require monitoring in autoimmune conditions.

Stability & Storage

Refer to research notes

Molecular Data

Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val
Molecular Formula: C19H34N6O5
Molecular Weight: 406.51 g/mol
CAS Number: 59740-59-3
IUPAC Name: L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-valine

Primary literature: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=KPV+alpha-MSH+anti-inflammatory+IBD